Of Sudden Reversals

In 792 AD, at Tours, the advance of Islamic arms halted. Charles Martel stopped it. Since the death of Mohammed Islam had spread by the sword. It swept through the Levant and North Africa, scything down most of the former Roman Empire. Jihad was the motivation. Tours changed that. Islam never moved farther into Western Europe.

History is littered with crushing defeats enforcing paradigm shifts on sundry peoples. The Battle of the Teutenberg Forest (7AD) set the limits of Rome in relation to modern Germany. The Empire never spread east of the Rhine. Likewise the Hungarians, after the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 AD, gave up their marauding ways. The German king Otto I battered ìBloody Bulcsuî in Bavaria. Legend has it that only seven of Bloody Bulcsuís 40,000 men returned to Hungary. John Derbyshire notes that, consequently, the Hungarians settled down on the Pannonian plain, began farming and converted to Christianity. Since those ghastly events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japanese armies have stayed put and now trade and affluence fuel Japanese travel.

It is tragic that change is often wrought not gradually, but with shocking force. Terrible defeats reconcile peoples to a different sense of destiny. Necessity defines limits. One shudders to conceive of such history applied to the current situation in the Middle East.

James Clark

==============================================================
(c) 2002 Millennium Relief & Development Services, vol. 2 no. 23
'Insight' is a publication of MRDS to interpret current events in light of
the experience of members of our international network. 'Insight' archives
and other information can be found on our website. 'Insight' may be freely
copied with this citation. If you wish to be removed from this mailing
list, simply reply and request to be removed.

Millennium RDS, 5116 Bissonnet #358, Bellaire, TX 77401-4007
Tel: (713)961-5645 Fax: (713)961-5735 www.mrds.org insight@mrds.org.
==============================================================